Hydraulic pump and system



April 5,1927. 1,623,239

E. B. GALBREATH HYDRAULIC PUMP AND SYSTEM April 5,1927.

- E. B. GALBREATH HYDRAULJIC PUMP AND SYSTEM' Filed Dec. 8. 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 #Trae/115V April 5, 1927.

E. B. GALBREATH HYDRAULIC PUMP AND SYSTEM Filed Dec. 8. 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 IIIIWIJIIIIIIIIIII N f WYE/vra@ 4free/YE Y' fav/N April 5, 1927.

E. B. GALBREATH HYDRAUIJIG PUMP -AND SYSTEM s Sheets-sheet s Filed De. 8 1924 lzz Apfil 5, 1927.-

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PATENT oFFicE.

' EDWINFBFGALBRE'ATH, OF .LONG llAcH, CALIFORNIA.

HYDRAULIC Pour AND sirevrnim.

Application tiled December 8, 1924. Serial No. 755,510.

My present invention in pumps and pum ing s stems includes novel means and met ods or umping a liquid, for example, oil, from a ee well, or the like; and 1t is an objectvof t is invention to provide an organization and a s stem whereby an operatlng fluid under hig i pressure, although mov- I ing continuouslyA in a downward direction, which fluid may be a portion of oil or the I"like previouslv pumped, may be employed not only to reciprocate a piston or pistons in a submerged pump, but to operate the valves thereof in such manner that a. continuous and lhigh downward pressure exerted upon, for l5'eXample, an interior column of oil may result in a practically continuous elevation of a column otoil pumped; and the exhaust operating fluid may be permitted to admix I and return with said pumped oil to a receptacle containing a filter and from which a filtered portion may be again withdrawn to be forced, as by a pressure pump at the surface of the ground, back into the mentioned submerged pump.

It is an object of my present invention to provide a powerful and reliable pum unit, preferably without a sucker rod exten( ing from the surface of the ground, said unit being suitable for installation at a great depth, at which depth it may'eiiciently operate for long periods of time ywithout detrimental wear and without lubrication other than that which ma be provided by, for exam le, the oil use as an operating luid; an a preferred embodiment of my invention :may comprise a duplex pump or pumps incorporated in a unit wh1ch may be substantially circular in cross sectional outline and suitable to be attached to a pipe string for oil delivery. This .string of pipe may extend, for example, to a. packer, which may be positioned at a low level in a well, the

casing, it any, below this packer, being preferably perforated to permit an inflow of oil, 'and the casing above said packerbeing presumably available to carry the pumped oil to the surface of the ground.

`It is a further object of my invention to provide a pump comprising what I may term a dump valve, by means of which the oil, or the like, within the pump andI its associated parts may, when necessary, be permitted to flow outwardly 'into the lower portion of a Well, thereby enabling the string carrying the pump to be withdrawn through a column of oil, without lifting the same; and the features last above referred to may be associated. with means permitting a reversal of pressure relationships within an outer casing and a string of tubing extending therethrou h; and they may include also provision or an admission of air at or near the top 0f the respective strings.

Other objects of my invention, including certain important details of valve structure and arrangement and means Wherebya single reci n-ocating rod l(this rod being duplicated in t e case of a duplex pump) may be effectively associated with one or more 1pistons and with one or more plungers, all reciprocating in a cylinder or 'cylinders in substantial alignment and comprising a fixed sleeve Which is in turn surrounded 'by sliding sleeve valves, will be understood from the following description of an advantageous embodiment thereof, taken in connection4 with the appended claims and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticelevational view, partially in section, showing an advantageous general arrangement yof the major parts or units of a system utilizing my invention.

Figs. 2, 2", 2? and 2d are respectively parts l tially as indicated by thev lines 142-14 of Figs. 2b and 13.

Figs. 15--18 inclusive, are respectively pump diagrams illustrating a cycle of operations of the power portion of said pump, as hereinafter described, single heavy lines being used in Figs. 1618 inclusive, to indicate the ported concentric lixed walls.

Referring to the details ofthat specific embodiment of my invention chosen for purposes of illustration, 11 may be the outer casing of a well, the lower portion 12 yof this casing being shown as perforated, to permit. the entrance of oil thereto, and a pump P being diagrammatically shown as supported below a packer 13. From this packer a string of pipe 14 may extend .to

said pump, a foot 15 being optionally provided below said pump, merely to assist in sustaining weight. It will be obvious that,

vention, I may provide means such as an inner string of tubing 16 for the delivery of an operatin fluid iinder comparatively v high pressure t ereto.

The exhaustoperating fiuid may be permitted, by a construction of parts hereinafter described, to rise within the casing 11, or its equivalent, and to advance therefrom, as through a lateral pipe 17 into a tank or other receptacle 18, provided with a filter 19; and oil filtered by the means described',

or its equivalent, may be forced, as by any ordinary duplex high pressure liquid force pump P', into a lateral conduit 20 and thence back into the inner or high pressure string of tubing 16, or its equivalent. On several figures the course of a high pressure operating fluid is indicated by solid-line ar rows, the courses of the pumped fiuid and exhaust fluid being indicated by arrows comprising dots.

Although I might employ, inside a well casing and in a general organization of the character just referred to, a hydraulically operable pump of any preferred design, being aware of no hydraulically operable pump exactly suitable to the purpose in hand, I have devised a hydraulically operable duplex pump whose fixed and operating parts are shown in Figs. 2a to 14 inclusive. This pump may comprise separate but communicating cylinders whose bore may be uniform throughout and may be adapted to receive a plurality of plungers 21, 21 and 22, 22 connected in pairs by means of rods 23, 23' connected therewith, one end of each of said plungers serving at times as a piston responding to the pressure of the operating fluid. For simplicity, I will hereinafter refer to each pair of plungers connected by a rod as constituting the plungers of one pump.

Each pump power cylinder and part of each pump cylinder (integral and continuous therewith) may advantageously be formed from an outercylindrical element 24 interiorly provided with an accurate wearresistant lining 25; and whether or not said outer cylindrical element 24 is formed in sections, the said liner may advantageously be assembled by the association of any suitable number of units in alignment; and it is an advantage of the composite construction here referred to that, by merely interrupting the mentioned lining, as by introducing `neaaasa separate liner sections from opposite directions iiito contact therewith, I may provide means for locking therebetween certain packing elements, such as the packing sleeves 26, 26', and 27, 27', each having an annular locking enlargement or enlargements 28, and serving to prevent passage of Huid, although permitting free movement of the rods 23, 23,', or their equivalents.

' If I did not employ intermediate pistons such as are shown at 29, 29', it-will be 0bvious that, by first admitting a high-pressure fluid on one side of an intermediate packing element; and then on the opposite side thereof, and making suitable provision for exhaust, I might impart reciprocatory movements to my respective plungers, and thereby cause an intake of oil, or the like, past valves such as are shown at 30, 30231, 31', 32, 32' and 33, 33', into pump chambers 34, 35, 36, 37, and therefrom into any passage with which outlet valves such as are shown at 38, 38', 39, 39', 40, 40', 41, 41', may communicate; but I consider it advantage.- ous to increase the pressure ap licable in the operation of the mentioned p ungers, or

their equivalents, by interposing at least one.

piston between each pair of pump plungers; and this construction obviously requires the use of a plurality of intermediate packing elements, substantially as described, on each ro A lthough I may employ any desired a1ternative construction to feed a power fluid, such as oil forced down at high-pressure through tubing 16, at suitable intervals of time, into the power chambers 42, 42', 43, 43', 44, 44', 45, 45', and although I might deliver the pumped or low pressure oil to the pipe 14, or its equivalent, in any preferred way, I consider it advantageous to associate my described pump power cylinders with a high-pressure chamber A l (shown as connected by a goose neck 46 with the tubing 16) and with a low-pressure chamber through which pumped oil, or the like, and exhaust fluid, lmay both be delivered to the pipe 14, in substantially the space-minimizing manner illustrated in Figs. 2a and 3 to 13 inclusive; and I may control the flow of fluids to and from the mentioned pump power chambers by a system of valves and connections especially designed to assure a maximum flow of pumped oil, or the like, in proportion to the space required and adapted to assure reliable and efficient operation, substantially without attention, for long periods of time.

Regarding Figure 8 as a typical cross section of the body of my pump organization between ports, it will be seen that the inner cylinder formed by the fixed sleeve 24 and the fixed liners 25 is separated from the mentioned high-pressure chamber A and from the low-pressure chamber B by addi-V tional fixed walls 47 and 48,these walls being spaced from the pump cylinder sufclent y to permit of the reclprocation of sliding sleeve valve 53, circular in cross sec` tion, therebetween. As shown in Figs. 2*-2l and in Fig. 4, spacing sleeves 49, 50, 51 and 52 may be interfitted in such manner as to rigidly connect the mentioned pump lpower cylinders 24 'and 24 with the 'walls 47 and 48 above and below the tops and the bottoms of the sliding sleeve valves 53, 54 of the power cylinders of my respective pumps; and the walls 47 and 48, as well as the walls of the pum cylinders 24 and 24 and those of the'su stantially cylindrical 'sliding sleeve. valves 53, 54, may be imimperforate, excepting as indicated inY Figures 2a-14 inclusive, lit being understood that wherever an annular channel or groove `is indicated in any of said figures, the elementy in which said channel 1s cut is provided with apertures (as shown for example i at 67 and 69, Fig. 7) in the bottom of said channel or groove, extendin completely therethrough, and also that, w eiever apertures are indicated in the pumpe linders, there are provided apertures, at t esamel level, in wall 47 or in wall 48, the latter v elements shown in section therein.

either (as at A65 Fig. 10 or at B", Fi 9 directl into the chamber A or (as at a, Fig. 12; Fig. 6;E, Fig. 7; and at Fa Fig. 11) the chamber B or into one of the pipes C, D, E, F, extending longitudinally therein. The communication of A, B, C, D, E, or F with the power' cylinders depends entirely upon the position of the sleeve valves. These are crosshatched downwardly toward the left in Figs. 15-18 inclusive and are the only movable apertures leading As shown in Fig. 6, pipe D opens at its upper end D into the top of an upper sleeve space of the upper pump, and it terminates at Dc opposite any annular passage communicating with the lowest power chamber of the lower pump when the plunger- 22 thereof and the lower sliding sleeve valve 54 are in certain positions. This pipe D also has an intermediate opening D", through the outer cylinder wall 48 below the .lower packing 27 of the lower pump and so posi. tioned relatively to an annular channel 58,'

^ communicating with passages through the ing with the upper power chamber of the 889 upper pump when the upper plungerthemof nears its highest position and the upper sleeve valve is de'ressed; and it terminates at Ec' in the top o a sleeve chamber 56 above the top of the lower sliding sleeve valve.

This pipe E has at Eb a lateral connection through the outer cylinder wall 47, with an annular channel 57 in the upper slidingsleeve valve, this annular channel, including ports through the sliding sleeve, serving to establish communication between the chamber B and pipe E, and serving also to establish communication between chamber B and the upper power chamber 42 of the upper pump through outer cylinder wall 48 for exhaust purposes when the said upper sleeve is in its elevated position.

As shown in Fig. 11, the pipe F constantly communicates at its upper end F, through outer cylinder wall 48, with an an-` nular channel 58, in the sliding sleeve valve 53 and its lower end F"communicates, through the outer cylinder wall 48, with the bottom ot' the lower sleeve chamber 59. At an intermediate point F", (see Figs. 2b and 15-17 this pipe opens through outer cylinder wall 48, into anv annular passage 75, containing ports through sliding sleeve 53, communicating through inner cylinder wall ports and annular groove .76, with the interior `of the lowest power chamber 43 of the upper pump vwhen the lower plunger therein nears its lowest position and the upper sliding valve 53 is elevated.

As shown in Fig. 12, the pipe C opens at its upper end C through outer cylinder wall 47 into the lower sleeve space 60 of the upper pump lower power cylinder; and the lower end Cc thereof, opening through outer cylin- 'der wall 47 into a broad annular channel 61,

in the lower slidin sleeve valve 54, may

communicate throug louter cylinder wall 48 with the low-pressure chamber B for ex-l haust purposes, when the said lower sliding sleeve valve isv up and the plunger 22 ofthe lower pum is descending. -At an intermediate pornt C, this pipe may communicate through outer cylinder wall' 47, with passages leading through the sliding sleeve valve 54 and into the upper power cylinder of the lower pump, when the lower sleeve valve 54 is down and the plunger 22 is up.

Reviewing the apertures and connections of the duplex pump described, it will be understood that the chamber 55 above the upper sleeve valve 53. this chamber serving for the admission of Huid to force the said sleeve downward. communicates only with the upper end Da of the pipe D, as best shown in Fig. 6. (Fingers 62, or their equivalent. may be employed merely to make sure that the valve 53, or its equivalent, shall never rise into a. position precluding the application of Huid pressure to the upper end thereof.) AThe openings 67 and 69 at the level of Fig. 7 serve only to establish intermittent communication between the upper end E of the pipe E and the upper power chamber 42. The exhaust ports 1311, through the inner cylinder wall at the level of' Fig. l) serve to establish intermittent communication between the uppeupower chamber 42 and the low-pressure chamber B; and intermittent exhaust also occurs from the branch Eb of the pipe E, through annular channel 57.

The portsy at the level of Fig; l10-serve to establish intermittent connnunication between the high-pressure chamber' A and the same power chamber, they upward shifting of the valve 53 being however effective to bring ports 63 (see Fig. 21) jopposite' ports A,

while carrying ports 65'away "from ports.

A, and thereby incidentally causing a reversal of the movement of the plungers 2.1, 21. When the valve isili its 'depressed-posl-l tion, as shown in Figfqfl,:exhaust-ports 6G?` are brought opposite ports-Sli'2 -111 such man ner as to open a comimnncation betweenthe power chamber 42l` and thef v louf-pressure chamber B, remaining so until the1p1st'onl29 is in its highest position; but when fthe valve 53 is in the position last ,referredto',`

the exhaustports 68- are depressedv .below the ports B3, preventing escape 'ofl high-fpressfure' fiuid introduced through ports 70 and A71;

which are then .brought op'posite'rone an other. 'At the time last referredto,"thepo'rts 72 and A73 being outpof alignment,f highpressure fluid from chamber Afcannotenter the power chamber` 43' above piston 21'; but the chamber 43' will remain `in communication with thel low-pressure chamber B '(below level of Fig. 11) until the elevation of the plunger 2l' closes the communicating ports B, at the end of the exhaust stroke.4 So long as the. sleeve 53 remains depressed, the. ports 75 being out of alignment with the ports 76, no fiuid can pass to or from the branch Fb of the pipe F; and communication through these ports is, in any event, possible only when the plunger 21' is near its lowermost position. At the level of Fig. 12, high pressure fluid may be admit-ted through the upper end C'L1 of the pipe C only into the sleeve chamber 60, to impart upward movement to valve 53.'

My pumps operate on a duplex system, and all of the pipes C,'D, E and F extend past an intermediate dump valve organization 77, whose structure and function will be hereinafter described, and theg-eneral features of the pump therebelow, comprising the plungers 22, 22 may be, except as hereinafter indicated, essentially the same as those above described, the pipes C, D, E and F serving to establish communications by which suitable motion is imparted to the sliding sleeve valves 53, 54, the shifting of which controls the movements haust ports.

velements 24', 25', constituting my lower pump cylinder, and, through the sliding vvalve 54 thereof, as have not heretofore been specificall y mentioned, the characters G3i-76' inclusive, 'and the characters Am', AW, Ail', A73', lll, BLQIBS', B4', and B7" are applied in a manner generally similar to the above use of the corresponding characters 63, etc., as applied to my upper pump,-the letters A and B-being associated with such ports as may communicate respectively with the chamber v'iA`or the chamber B. The ports last mentioned may accordingly be regarded as original intake or final ex- It will be noted y'that-each of the pipes C, D, E and `F communicate at one end with a space at thefend of a sleeve valve; and that intermittently-'each pipe may coml numicate at onetime with a power cylinder for the admission ofihigh-pressure ffuid to the sleeve space 'tothrow the sleeve associated therewith, and by direct pressure thereon; and` atanother time with a passage permitting fan. exhaust from the said valve space, when @the vassociated sleeve is being thrown froml the other end, a complete cycle of operations referred to and the consequent movements., of' my pump plungers ithese figures, which may vbe regarded as views from the left ofFi'gs. 2-2d inclusive, end portions and auf-intermediate portion showing mere ballfvalves and a dump valve adequately illustrated elsewhere, may be regarded as brokenaway; and these figures are intended primarily to illustrate the valve action, controlling the power part of the two pumps forming a duplex pump, to be located in the well casing. Such ports as may open into the high pressure chamber A, or into pipes therein, are indicated on the right side of each of these figures, and ports opening into B, or into pipes therein are indicated at the left thereof.

When the fixed and moving parts of my .duplex pump occupy the relative positions in which they are shown in Figs. 2**-2d inclusive, and in Fig. 15, the plunger 21 has reached the upper limit of its stroke, by reason of high pressure liquid applied in cylinders 42 and 43, and to the underside of pistons 29 and 21,.by high pressure fiuid admitted through inlet ports A65 (with which ports 65 and A6 are aligned) and A70 (with which ports 7 0 and A71 are aligned) and portions of the fiuid so admitted have escaped through the branch Ea of the pipe E, and have entered, through Ec, the space 56 above the lower sliding sleeve valve 54, forcing the same downward, the exhaust loo from the valve' space 59 below this sleeve 130 ncaaaae being receivedl by the branch F of the pipe F, by which it is carried to the upper vbranch F, delivering the same through exhaust port B58 into the low-pressure passage B, notwithstandimY the fact that theA `lower pump shall, in its continued upward movement, clear the port 67', the high pressure iluid admitted into power chamber44 through an inlet port AW (with which ports and AW are aligned) ma apply, through the branches Cb and Cl o the pipe C, an upward pressure on the bottom of the -up er sleeve valve 53, as the same is ex ose in the sleeve space 60.

n Fi 16, by reason of forces just described t e upward movement imparted to the upper sleeve valve 53 has effected in a manner obvious from a study of this figure, a reverse or downward reciprocation of pistons 21 and 29 and 21', the operating fluid being admitted through the inlet ports A63 (with which ports 63 and A are aligned) and throu h A" (with which 72 and A"3 are aligned) and exhaust being effected by way of orts B57 and B1 and 57, and by way of s (now in alignment with 68 and B3). The pistons of the lower pump have now reached the upper limit of their movements, and pipe F, by its branch Fb (having been opened by the downward movement of the pistons of the upper pump) has become a high-pressure pipe through which movement is imparted to the bottom of the lower sleeve valve 54, lifting the same to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 17, and thereby effecting a reversal of the pistons of this pump. A

In Fig. 17, the upper sleeve valve remaining in the same position in which it is shown in Fig. 16, the pistons of the upper pump have continued their descent to the limit, but the upper position of the lower sleeve valve and the downward movement of lower piston 22 of the lower pump have opened pipe D as a high-pressure line by which high .pressure fluid entering at D from the lower power chamber of the lower pump may pass through D and Da to the sleeve space 55 above tbe top of the sleeve valve 53, forcing the same toward the position in which it is shown in Fig. 18, and thereby reversing the upper pump.

In Fig. 18. the sleeve valve 53 of the upper pump has been depressed in the manner just described, and the pistons 21, 29

and 21 are continuing their ascent toward the position in which they are illustrated in Fig. 15; and the sleeve valve 54 of thelower pump remainsin its elevated position during a continuance of the downward movementof the pistons 22, 29 and 22', of the lower pump. It will be obvious that the parts arethus approachingthe relative p0- sitions in which they are s own in Fig. 15, the described cycle of operations being in deinitely repeated in such manner that the pistons of thelower ump are always one ste behind those of t e upper pump. The re erence characters applied to the ports through the walls 47 and 48 in Vthe showin of my upper pump are in ge-neral applied in a similar manner, vbut with a prime mark, in connection with my lower pump.

It is an important merit of the described organization that the umpingimpulses of the pumps overlap, and) that the parts thereof -may be easily assembled and that the valves .employed are of such construction and so operated as to be liable to only such wear as may be favorable to ellicient operation, any sand contained in the umped liquid being automatically cleared rom` theV power machinery of the pump by an unavoidable slight leakage of the high-pressure operating fluid, past the oiston rings, this nominal leakage serving also as a lubricant. The construction of my pump is also such as to avoid any disadvantageous pocketing l of gas at any point therein.

Although a pump of the general character described may remain in continuous and automatic operation for long periods of time, high pressure fluid being forced thereto in the manner above described, I consider it advantageous to provide means facilitating the withdrawal of the same without thel lifting of an entire column of oil, or the like. For the purpose last referred to, I may employ a dump valve of the general character illustrated in Figs. 2", 13 and 14.

In order to permit of the operation of my dump organization, or its equivalent, from a remote point, as from the ground level, I consider it advantageous to adapt said organization to hydraulic operation, and to provideemeans whereby a change in the pressure relationshi s ordinarily subsisting within the pipes I4 and 16, or their e uivalents, may be eiective to open my ump valve. For example, I may provide means such as overlapping crossover pipes 78 and 79, shown as interposed between the lowpressure pipe 17 and the high-pressure pi e 20, said crossover pipes being respective y provided with valves 80 and 81 which may be opened simultaneously with the closing of valves 82 and 83 in the pipes 17 and 20, with the result that high pressure ma be momentarily applied to the chamber low pressure bemg simultaneously ap lied to the chamber A.; and I may adapt t e mentioned dump valve organization to respond to the mentioned changes in fiuid pressure. As shown, this organization comprises a main fixed plu 84, shown as threaded at 85 and as provi ed with a squared rejecting end 86 engageable by a wrench, tiis fixed plug serving to house neans such as a main spring 87, by which a pressure-responsive element such as a slidable plug 88, slidable in the inner portion of the same horizontal passage 89 into which the plug 84 is threaded, is normally held in the forward position in which it is shown in Figs. 2b and 13,-its advance beyond this position being checked by means such as an inclined shoulder 90, which may be engaged by a co-operating conical or other surface 91, of the slidable plug 88.

The plug 88, or its equivalent, may be provided with means such as lchannels 92, communicating With an opening 93, which may normall be closed by a valve 94, shown as seated irectly against the inner end of said slidable plug as a valve seat, and as normally held in its advanced or seated position, both by high'pressure admitted through av lateral opening 95 from the chamber A,

l and by the action of the mentioned spring 87 upon a sliding latching element 96, the latter containing a socket, to the bottom of which a hollow stem 97, extending from the valve 94, may project. Within the interior of the hollow stem 97, or its equivalent, I may house resilient means such as a small spring 98, adapted to press upon the en-l larged end'99 of the stem 100 of an additional or final outlet valve 101, controlling afdump port 102, thel arrangement ljust described being such that high pressure applied to the slidable plug 88, or its equivalent, and to the exposed end of the valve 94 seated therein,'such ressure being applicable through an openlng 103 communicating with the chamber B. and thereby with ythe high-pressure pipe 20 when the valves 80 and 81 are opened and the valves 82 and 83 are closed, may be effective in the unseating of the valve 101throwing'valves 94 and 101 back until a latch spring'106 (see Fig. 14)

. hereinafter more fully described, springs in- Wardly as`the sliding l'atching element 96 passes beyond the latch spring and prevents valves 94 and 101 from returning to their original positions. Whenthe fluid inv pipe 14, and casing l1 and chamber B drains down low enough to decrease the hydrostatic pressure below that in pipe 16 and chamber y A, this difference in pressure applies to the slidable plug 88 and causes it to return to its original seat, leaving passages 95, 92, 103 and 102 open, and valves 94 and 101 unseated so that the entire system of-pipes 14 and 16 and casing 11 and chambers A and B may empty out completely.

The applied pressure from, for example, a duplex power pump atthe top of the well,

should now be stopped; and to avoid risk of la collapse of the mentioned pipes and casing from excessive outside pressure ac cumulating, 1n consequence of the evacuatlon at 104 and 105 in Fig. 1, to permit the inflow of air to these pipes; and, in order to prevent a premature closin of the described dump valves, or their equivalents, I may employ means, such as, for example, av hairpin sprlng 106, shown as housed in a cavity 107, within the fixed plug 84, the upstanding fingers of this spring (see Fig. 14) being resiliently ressed inward in such manner as to engage t e ends 108 (see Fig. 13) of the latching memer 96, or its equivalent, to retain the same in its inner position whenever it may be pressed thereto against pressure of the spring 87 and any co-operating fluid pressure'. It will be seen that the valves 94 and 101 are capable of a limited independent movement, and that fluid pressure applied through the opening 95 may be effective to advance the slidable plug 88 without closing the mentioned valves, by reason of the operation of the hairpin spring 106, or its equivalent, in holding the latching member 96, or its equivalent, in its forward position until the same may be manually restored to the position in which it is shown.

In the normal operation of a system in which my described duplex pump, or its equivalent, is used, it will be understood that filtered oil, returned substantially in the manner -describedmay be preferred as an operating fluid, and this use of oil is especially advantageous as providing for incidental lubrication and for the automatic exclusion ofv sand, substantially as described; but it will be obvious that many or all of the advantages of my pump and system may be obtained even in the pumping of water and oil, or of a suspension, and regardless of the nature of the-operating fluid employed; and whenever it shall be necessary to Withdraw a pump of the character described, or its equivalent, this may expeditiously and safely be done in the general mannerindicated.

Although the packer 13, or ils equivalent, may be located at any desired level above the perforated casing, I have shown thel same as positioned above the surface of the ground in such'manner as to permit the use of a valved draw-off pipe 109, or its equivalent, bywhich the gas pressure within a well may be controlled; but this must be understood to be an entirely optional feature, whose employment may depend upon the conditions and purposes of operation.

Although I have herein described my invention in a preferred-form, I am aware that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to which lll) `. imanes this case' relates, without the slightest departure from the spirit and scope of my invention, as the same is indicated above and in the following claims.

I claim as my invention:

- 1. In the elevating of oil from a deep well equipped with a duplex double-actinglpum comprising power cylinders m the we an with a power pump` outside the well, and an oil delivery string having an interior pipe therein, a method which comprises: advancing a power` fluid continuouslyy downward from saidpower pum through said interior pipe and intermittent y through said power c linders, while conductin rom said duplex pump, throughsaid eliver mixture of said power fluid an pumped thereby.

2. A method of the general character defined in claim 1 in which a portion of the pumped mixture is continuously returned, under higher pressure, as an operating fluid strin a the uid for said duplex pump, both of said pipes being in intermittent communication with separate cylinders of said duplex pump.

3. A method of pumping deep oilV wells by means comprising a double-acting duplex pum iiear the bottom of the well and substantially parallel pipes in intermittent communication with separate cylinders of said pump, vwhich method comprises; continuously returning an operating fluid for the driving of said duplex pump and advancing said operating fluid and a umped mixture v continuously and opposite y' through said p A method of the general character de fined in claim 3'-in which, said pipes being arrangedone within the other, the operating fluid is continuously forced downward through the inner pipe.

5. A deep well pumping organization comprising: a pair of pumps hydraulically operated in a well casing and disposed end to end and each including a plurality of plungers, said plungers being each integral with a piston. 4 n

A duplex pump organization comprisingi: cylinders; power pistons; plungers connected to the opposite ends of separate rods Within said cylinders, each plunger being integral with a` different power piston; and hydraulic means for sequentially imparting movement to said pistons by the pressure of `a Huid.

' 7. A duplex pump organization comprising: cylinders; plungers therein; fluid pressure admitting means; and means comprising sleeve valves to whose lends fluid pressure is admitted for controlling the movement of said valves, and thereby the movement of said plungers.

8. A du lex pump organization comprising: cylin ers; plungerstherein; means comprising sleeve valves for controlling the movement of saidf-plungermiand hydraulic means admitting fluid pressure to the ends.

operating said valves succes s said valves, said hydraulic shifting-` meanscomprising; communicating ipes 'terminating. aboveand below said va ves.

11.' A duplex pump organization compris-` ower cylinders; sliding sleeve yvalves ing :v power cylinders; sliding sleeve valves therefor; and hydraulic means for shifting said valves, said hydraulic shifting means comprising communicating pipes terminating above and below said valves and extend- 'ing longitudinally of said pump.

12. A pumping organization comprising; a h draulic pump operable by continuous flui pressure and adapted to lift a ycolumn of fluid under a less pressure, a dump valve associated with said pump, and means whereby a reversalr of saidpressures may open said dump valve.

13. A pumping system comprising: ah

draulic duplex plunger pump; `a single su stantially stationary pipe for an operating fluid; and means for operating said pump by a substantially continuous unidirectional flow of said operating fluid through said single substantially stationary pipe, said pump being provided' with sliding valves movable directly by said operating fluid, this fluid being admitted to contact with the ends thereof.

14. A deep oil Well pumping organization comprising: a hydrau ic pump operable by continuous fluid pressure and adapted to lift a column of fluid under a less pressure, a dump valve associated Awith said pump, and means for operating said dumpvalve from the upper end of the well. y

15. In an oil well organization compris-1 ing a hydraulic pu'mp in a well casing and 'I lapse of said pipe upon the o ening of said valve, one movement of saidump .valve lll being controllable by means outside said Well. I

17. A pumping organization comprising: aV pump; a pipe extending therefrom; a. dump valve ada bedto permit a draining of said pipe; an hydraulic means foroperatmg said dump valve. 4

18. In a deep oil well pumping or nization of the general character descri ed: a double-acting duplex pump insaid well; and

means for driving the same by the pressure of a iuid continuously advancing thereto,

19. An organization as defined in claim 18 which comprises pipes extending from said well and in which said pump is positioned within a well and is connected with said Lacasse l pipes, said pipes being providedwwith means,

In testimon whereof, I have hereunto set 20 my hand at 22nd day of November, 1924.

EDWIN B. GALBREATH.

os Angeles; California, this 

